Theory of Sign Essay -- Communication, Signs

To understand how sign functions, semiosis, Morris proposes four elements: Sign vehicle (S), Designatum (D), and Interpretant and interpreter (I). "The mediators are sign vehicles; the taking-account-of are interpretants; the agents of the process are interpreters; what is taken account of are designata" (Morris, 19). Those elements of semiosis become the foundation of branches of linguistics and basic elements of language. The branches of linguistics are semantics is the study of sign in its relation to designatum, pragmatics the study of sign in relation to interpreter, and syntactics the study of sign in relation to other signs. Since language, according to Morris, is â€Å"a system of interconnected signs,† a language must consist of the four elements as he implies in his formula: L= Lsyn + Lsem + Lp (see Morris, 25). However, we might observe that Morris’s definition of language apparently falls into the category of syntactical element. Another objection might be is that by extending the four semiosis elements into linguistics and language, Morris’s definition of sign will be problematic since all objects that are symbolically and linguistically associated with other objects are defined as signs. Therefore one might observe the discrepancy of his definition of sign with examples that he proposes as Lesse demonstrates (see article). Since this paper is aimed at demonstrating my understanding on Morris’ theory of sign, I will describe the problematic aspects of Morris’s arguments if they becomes obstacles for me understand his theory. Morris argues that the object of semiotic does not deal with particular object, but association of four of them, therefore sign is characterized as: â€Å"S is a sign of D for I to the degree that I take... ...tures of particular objects that universal signs refer to -- as a formalist-behaviorist, Morris is unconcerned with mental images since they do not emerge in the relational properties of sign. Describing signs functions in semantic context and universal sign in syntactical context. In contrast, indexical signs are located in syntax; unless we understand that to be meaningful the act of directionality must contain an object, then they are in the realm of semantics. All syntactical relations of signs are subjected to rules. Morris proposes two rules: formation and transformation. Formation rules govern formation of kernel sentences, and transformation rules derivative sentences (Morris, 29). Based on the syntactical rules, Morris suggests the object of syntax is syntactical relations between signs: â€Å"[the relations] determined by syntactical rules† (Morris, 29).

Accounting :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When most people go to college they think of what major would be the most interesting, and most exciting. However there are a few brave souls who want to be bored out of their mind but learn the language of business. For those few the major of accounting calls to them. Those men and women who choose accounting as their major will spend many semesters trying to figure out what the hell the professors are talking about when they go into managing and valuing inventories for companies. This one area of accounting is one of the most important parts to understand, because of the vast amounts of money companies have raped up in inventories. So sit back and get ready to be bored because we are entering the world of accounting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inventories are asset items held for sale in the ordinary course of business or good that will be used or consumed in the production of goods to be sold. That sounds very interesting doesn’t it? Well let’s think about that for a second. Companies like Wal-Mart have billions of dollars put into inventories and they need to make sure that it is properly accounted for so they do not become the next ENRON of the world. Wal-Mart gets their inventory in a ready to sell state. That means no extra cost goes into getting it ready to put on the shelf. So when a Wal-Mart accountant takes in invoices of merchandise purchased the price Wal-Mart paid was the amount that goes into their inventory account. However for companies that are manufacturing business, like Boeing, they will have three inventory accounts called, raw materials, work in process, and finished goods. Assigning cost into the inventory account is a little different for manufacturing companies. The cost assigned to good and materials on hand but not yet placed into production is reported as raw materials inventory. Raw materials include things like plastics for sex toys or steel for skyscrapers, did I say sex in an accounting paper?

Same-sex Marriage in the Philippines

Most senatorial bets against same-sex marriage; Enrile is lone supporter ANDREO CALONZO, GMA NewsMarch 18, 2013 12:48pm 145 6 838 (Updated 11:17 p. m. ) Most senatorial bets for the May 2013 polls rejected the legalization of same-sex marriage in the Philippines, with Cagayan Rep. Jack Enrile the only candidate expressing support for gay union, interviews conducted by GMA News Online revealed. Twenty-four of the 33 senatorial hopefuls said they are not keen on giving same-sex couples the chance to get married in the country, where over 80 percent of the citizens are Roman Catholics.Bangon Pilipinas senatorial candidate Eddie Villanueva, a religious leader who founded the Jesus is Lord Church, said he is against same-sex marriage because it is against Biblical teachings. â€Å"Sabi ng Good Book, huwag gayahin ‘yung nangyari sa Sodom and Gomorrah dahil darating ang paggunaw sa isang bansa ‘pag ‘yun ay ginawa,† Villanueva said in an interview. Ang Kapatiran Part y senatorial bet Rizalito David, meanwhile, said same-sex marriage is â€Å"against natural law. † â€Å"Ang lalaki, ang mapapangasawa niya ay babae, at sila'y mag-aanak at dadami ang sangkatauhan. Yan ang naturang batas at hindi kailanman nagkaroon sa natural law na pwede ang parehong babae o parehong lalaki,† David said in a separate interview. David's party lists in its political platform a â€Å"spiritual dimension† to â€Å"seek first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness. † The issue on same-sex marriage recently came back to public attention with the election of a new head of the Roman Catholic Church, Pope Francis. As a cardinal, the new pontiff openly opposed a bill to legalize same-sex unions in Argentina. He even described child adoption by couples of the same-sex as a form of discrimination to the child. A chance for happiness' Only one senatorial hopeful, Cagayan Rep. Jack Enrile, said he supports the legalization of gay unions in the Phil ippines. â€Å"Let's give everybody a chance for happiness. Let us not discriminate. If it is your inclination to be happy with a man, why discriminate against that? † Enrile said in a separate interview. He said his view on same-sex marriage was influenced by the years he spent living in the United States. â€Å"I have seen in other countries couples of the same sex who have lived very upright lives and raised children,† he explained. Legal recognition' Makabayan senatorial hopeful and Bayan Muna Rep. Teodoro Casino, who did not have a categorical stand on the issue, said he is open to giving some sort of â€Å"legal recognition† to couples of the same sex. â€Å"It's something I still have to study and learn. I'm willing to hear both sides, what the benefits and disadvantages are. I have an open mind,† Casino said. Liberal Party senatorial bet Paolo Benigno â€Å"Bam† Aquino IV, who rejected same-sex marriage, meanwhile said he is open to giving â€Å"some rights† to â€Å"long-term† same-sex couples.Former Akbayan Rep. Risa Hontiveros, who is also running under the administration slate, for her part said she â€Å"upholds the rights of same-sex couples to form families,† but added that passing an anti-discrimination bill in the country may be the proper first step towards allowing gay unions in the Philippines. — DVM/RSJ, GMA News Don’t expect Obama’s endorsement of same-sex marriage to have an impact here. It was a historical and an inspiring gesture, one that would galvanize a changing cultural perspective on same-sex relationships inside and outside America.Here, it would spark debates on our readiness for same-sex marriage, but don’t hold your breath: it won’t alter anything here fundamentally. Don’t even think that this would suddenly lead President Aquino to push his allies in Congress to enact a law legalizing same-sex marriage. It just won’t happ en. This is not to say that the social attitudes and behavior of Filipinos toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage are not changing. They are, and social media has triggered a shift in how we digest controversial topics that in the past have been filtered and controlled by traditional institutions, such as the Church and our schools.I’m not saying that Filipinos are now more pro-LGBT, but the overall mood is changing, and there’s more openness to engage in an issue that is still otherwise considered taboo. Social media has democratized access to a wider range of narratives and stories on LGBTs and made them part of our common experiences, creating a climate that could help dismantle oppressive stereotypes about homosexuality. The bullying of LGBT kids in American schools, for instance, a Canadian transgender joining the Miss Universe, the coming out of Hollywood celebrities – these have all catalyzed conversations here.And while we know that these happened el sewhere, we have embraced the universal elements of these stories. More importantly, social media has given us access to participate in these conversations. To respond to a homophobic slur in the past meant writing press releases or letters to the editors, the fate of which would depend on the mood of the editors. Today, Facebook and Twitter could help anyone – the in-your-face LGBT activist, the closeted bakla, and their fag hags – push alternative perspectives on LGBTs, and influence how opinion gatekeepers and icons see the issue. Why the difficulty?If social attitudes are gradually shifting, why then is it hard to push for LGBT rights and same-sex marriage here in the Philippines? Many would automatically blame the Catholic taliban, and how it has been trying to control our political institutions. I think it is a wrong framing of the problem, and it grants the Catholic hierarchy a degree of influence that doesn’t exist. The Church has no control over public opinion, as proven by the continuing popularity of the RH Bill despite the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines's opposition to it and by the failure of the Catholic Church to mobilize the so-called â€Å"Catholic vote. What we perceive to be the Church’s political influence in fact indicates a fundamental weakness in our political institutions, a democratic flaw that makes our system beholden to interest groups like the Catholic taliban. The Church is powerful; the problem is that the state is weak. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships, whether through marriage or civil unions, would not happen by engaging or reforming the Catholic hierarchy. It is after all the business of the Church hierarchy to be dogmatic, and we should just let it collapse under the weight of its internal contradictions.We should be engaging and reforming the state and make it modern, inclusive, and truly representative. Strategic battleground For the LGBT community, that would require a change in strategy. One, it means that LGBTs must reframe the debate on homosexuality along secular and non-religious terms. While I understand why Catholic LGBTs want to carve a more tolerant space within the Catholic faith, the more strategic battleground is in the Constitution, not the Bible.Same-sex marriage is understandably a sensitive religious issue, but it is above all about our sectarian values – about basic fairness and our constitutional rights, about human dignity regardless of the sex of the people we love. Two, we need to be more forthright about gay love and gay sex. For many years, LGBT activists have skirted the issue of same-sex partnerships and gay marriage as a non-priority, relegating it under more crucial issues, like discrimination in schools and the workplace.This sends the wrong signal – that same-sex partnerships are secondary and unimportant, when ironically the root of discrimination against LGBTs is the rejection of same-sex partnerships , both the sexual and romantic sides of it. We need to embrace gay sex and gay love and feel less guilty about them. A modern state, embracing gay sex and gay love. Who said that marriage is easy? – Rappler. com (The author is coordinator of Akbayan's LGBT Collective and a member of the Philippine National AIDS Council. ) BY JONAS BAGAS POSTED ON 05/11/2012 4:04 PM | UPDATED 05/13/2012 10:45 PMUpdated March 2013 Quick facts on key provisions State law and/or constitutional provision limits marriage to relationships between a man and a woman: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California*, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming California voters adopted a constitutional provision li miting marriage to relationships between a man and a woman in November 2008. This provision was challenged in federal court and ruled unconstitutional. Enforcement of this decision has been delayed pending a U. S. Supreme Court decision on the case. Supreme Court hearings are scheduled for March 2013 and a decision is expected by June 2013. State issues marriage licenses to same-sex couples: Connecticut, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont, Washington and the District of ColumbiaStates allows civil unions, providing state-level spousal rights to same-sex couples: Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, New Jersey, Rhode Island Three of these states (Delaware, Hawaii and Illinois) also have laws limiting marriage to relationships between a man and a woman. Note: In Connecticut, Vermont and New Hampshire, same-sex marriage has replaced civil unions. State grants nearly all state-level spousal rights to unmarried couples (domestic partnerships)*: California, Neva da, Oregon, Washington** **Effective June 30, 2014 domestic partnerships in Washington will be limited to couples who are 62 years of age or older.State provides some state-level spousal rights to unmarried couples (domestic partnerships)*: Hawaii, Maine, Wisconsin and the District of Columbia State legislatures have been deeply involved in the public debates about how to define marriage and whether the official recognition of â€Å"marriage† should be limited to relationships involving one man and one woman or that same-sex couples should also be entitled to â€Å"marriage. † State legislatures have gone both ways in this debate: either enacting â€Å"defense of marriage† laws and constitutional provisions or, going the opposite direction, adopting laws allowing same sex marriage.Five states have adopted civil unions for same-sex couples that provide the same legal rights as marriage. Most states have adopted prohibitions of same-sex marriage. Most states do so by adopting â€Å"defense of marriage† language that defines marriage in their state constitution and/or state law in a way similar to the language in the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) —â€Å"the word ‘marriage' means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife. † Other states prohibit same sex marriages or marriages between persons of the same sex or gender.Thirty states have placed that language in their state constitutions (26 of these states also have statutory provisions adopting this language). A further eight states have statutory language adopting the restrictive language. Note that this count does include California, where federal courts have invalidated a 2008 initiative that added constitutional language defining marriage as limited to unions involving one man and one woman. The challenge to that constitutional provision is to be heard by the U. S. Supreme Court in 2013. Nine states and the District of Columbia currently allow same-sex marriages.In Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Iowa, the states’ highest courts ruled that the state constitution required that same-sex couples be accorded the same marriage rights as opposite-sex couples. In Vermont, New Hampshire, the District of Columbia and New York, Maryland and Washington, legislative bodies have passed statutory changes that allow same-sex marriages. In Maine, the legislature passed a same-sex marriage law in 2009, which was repealed in a voter referendum. In 2012, Maine voteres reversed course and approved a same-sex marriage statute. Same-sex marriages are currently being performed in those states.Several states have also expanded the legal rights available to spouses in same-sex relationships while also limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples with civil unions and domestic partnerships. Same Sex Marriages in the Philippines (Affrmative) Resolved: Same sex marriages should be legalized in the Philippines. Let me start with a quote. If homosexuality is a disease, let's all call in queer to work: â€Å"Hello. Can't work today, still queer. † That was by Robin Tyler. Instead of saying hey, I’m pulling off a sickie today, you say hey, sorry if I can’t go to work—I’m still gay. Can you imagine that kind of situation?If so, let’s start asking ourselves today. Why do homosexuals have to be discriminated anyway? Do they harm you or anyone in the society you live in? Same sex marriages have been an issue in the Philippines for a long time now, but since we live in a predominantly Christian country, people simply avoid further discussion of such. According to the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of Philippines, Article 2, Section 6; the separation of the church and state shall be inviolable. Meaning, no matter how grave the social issue may be, the church can never contradict the decision of the government and vice versa.It has been widely understood that the Roman Cat holic church will always be against same sex marriages considering the fact that their beliefs and principles are based from the sacred scripture. However, citizens who do not opt to engage into religious ceremonies have the option to be conjugated by means of civil wedding. It has been said under Article 7 of The Family Code of the Philippines, that marriage may be officiated by a person other than a priest, rabbi, imam or minister. Included are any incumbent members of the judiciary within the court's jurisdiction.

Psychosocial stage of development Essay

According to Erickson’s psychosocial stage of development my age lies under the fourth stage i. e. industry versus inferiority. This stage starts from age 6 to 12 and in this stage a child is shifting from dependent circumstances to more independent circumstances. Like in this stage he becomes more desired to achieve something or to finish his tasks completely. He came out of that age of fantasy and became more responsible because after entering this stage a child starts learning new things, he knows if he’ll do well in school he’ll b admired by his parents as well as other people. If a child experiences the fulfillment of his achievements basically anything positive or constructive will easily be through by this crisis stage. On other hand he also knows that if he’ll b failed to complete his task then he will face criticism from family and others as well. If a child faces failure at his school responsibilities or even worse than that he is ignored and no one wishes to accept or develop his capabilities and strengths or not given a chance to discover their potentials then it’s quite obvious that a child would feel inferior or low and inadequate to do anything (Myers, 2009). Psychosocial Stage of Development Influences Behavior and Relationships: As per Erickson’s psychosocial stage of development my behavior and relationships are very much influenced by this theory of Erickson. Influences which can be seen according to Erickson’s psychosocial stage development on me were like when i start going to school at the age of three i have no idea that what will the situations i will be going through. My mind was not big enough to understand these things but as i got into junior high school i came across certain things which I have to handle by myself whether good or bad. Next thing was my relationship to my peers or companions which is based on some rules like if I am going to play some game like baseball i need a team to play with. This shows that I have developed a strong relationship through teamwork (Myers, 2009). Than if looking to my studies I have a certain group that studies along with me, if we have a homework given we do it regularly by which my behavior patterns got controlled and i get disciplined every year after. I went through all these things and finally i got hold on how to handle psychosocial crisis because having good relationship with your peer group and develop a good behavior can lead any person to the path of success. And if one person has made good decision at this level then he can easily be cautious about taking decisions on next levels or can say that he’ll easily be industrious (Cash, 2002). Positive Influence of Psychosocial Stage of Development: Positive influences which come out of my psychosocial stage development were that i have strong bond made between me and my peer group because we use to play and study and study together. By doing this we came across many victories which made us proud and give a sense of satisfaction that we can do something that can be appreciated by our families and other people as well. As this is the middle age in which a child wants to do things by his will without interfering of others. At my academic level things have been very positive for me as there is full support of my parents by which i have developed certain skill at my own. Like if you talk about behaviour i have made a timetable and put things which are suitable for me to do at certain time frame. My behaviour towards my studies would also be considered positive because i got support from my parents and also from my teachers which helped me in many ways(Cash,2002). Negative Influence of Psychosocial Stage of Development: Talking about negative influence of my psychosocial stage of development there are certain things which made me feel inferior when i was in the middle childhood stage were that when in school teacher used to say that you have to finish your lunch even if I am not that much hungry which made me feels awful many times. Regarding this food stuff which at my home also has been an issue for me was that in that middle childhood stage i use to see my mom cooking different cuisines for our family. Sometimes i also feel like to cook something for my family but my mother always use to lower my enthusiasm by telling me that I am too small to cook. This have been left a very negative impact on me and that’s why i still don’t know how to cook food properly because somewhere in my mind I have this complex that if I will cook something it would not be worth it(Cash,2002). Other Developmental Issues Influenced My Personality: Other development issues influenced my personality in such a way that when i was born i. e. when I am in the stage of trust versus mistrust, although i was too small to know that what happened with me at that time but looking to myself i can say that my family or my parents have taken very good care of me, because i don’t see any many negative points in my personality and it’s all because of my parents. The example of trust can be given that how much I am close to my parents. Next stage would be autonomy versus shame and doubt in which a child develops a sense of being a separate human being and wants attention that everyone knows him individually. Regarding this stage there are some negative aspects of my personality that after reaching to an age of three i still was not able to go to toilet by myself because i was not properly trained. So at that time this bring me shame that kids of my age are toilet trained but I am not. But on the other hand i was very much trained to do mess while I am having my food which helps me a lot handle spoon in my hand on my own. After that another stage come which is initiative versus guilt in which a child starts taking decision of his own that whether he wants to eat or not or what things he should do. This is the age which is also known as play age, when a child starts going to pre-school or nursery. In this age a child wants to start doing things on its own or wants to take risks. Like in this stage a child starts going to school and there he learns different things and skills. Like I have said my academic time has helped me a lot to develop my personality (Cash, 2002). If I have to experiment something which help me further then my teacher encourages me to excel my abilities and this helped me a lot in taking decisions in my afterlife. Regarding the stage which I have picked i. e. industry versus inferiority these above developments have influenced my personality till my middle childhood stage (Cash, 2002). Conclusion: If i have to say that how much influenced erickson’s psychosocial stage of development has made then to me its 90% correct that whatever he gives the theory can help people to understand their children if they are facing difficulties regarding their mood, behavior or actions. Through his theory people should know that a child cannot be treated forcefully he should get full time to develop himself. It’s been seen that people who went through the crisis of their early adulthood and resolved them successfully, they who are also successful in their adolescence. REFERENCES Myers, D. G. (2009). Psychology. Worth Publishers Cash, A. (2002). Psychology for Dummies. Hungry Minds Books

Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Outline - Essay Example It is important to focus on this issue as water is the primary necessity in life. Business leaders or managers need to come up with appropriate business strategies in line with cost-effective and affordable water supply for everyone. Regarding this, the research will try to analyze the potential impacts of instituting business-related clean water production in the business organization. Furthermore, this paper aims to substantially forecast probable actions in clean water production in order to keep up healthy business for the private sector while ensuring enough supply of water delivery particularly in the US. A. An average American in 2004 was found to consume maximum of 600 liters per day (Kirby, 2004). This means that the US substantially consumes huge volume of water supply in the whole year while its population at the same time comes to a staggering increase. C. Since then, just prior to climate change, the US tries to increase the supply of drinking water for its increasing population by employing remarkable tie up with private water delivery (Perard, 2009). D. However, the choice between private or public water delivery is not a question of efficiency but on the following components: â€Å"difference of cost of funds, transaction costs of outsourcing, difference of efficiency and potential political cost of privatizing† (Perard, 2009, p.193). E. It is therefore important to analyze water delivery based on the above components in order to critically consider its potential impacts on the business organization and forecast substantial business strategies that could benefit both the public and private business sectors. A. The political setting in the US could be conducive for maximizing private water delivery as the country is highly motivated to maintain order in its water resources management such as in the case of water resources in Arizona (Bolin, Collins & Darby, 2008). Bolin, B., Collins, T., & Darby, K. (2008). Fate of the verde:

Business Aspects of the School Community & Human Resources and School Essay - 1

Business Aspects of the School Community & Human Resources and School Finance - Essay Example Merit pay refers to an approach that is used to compensate and reward teachers based on their performance. This is done through incentives such as additional pay. Numerous counties and district schools have implemented merit pay based on student attainment test scores. The pay increment is based on goals and achievements set by the school administrator or the principal. Debates on the implementation of performance pay have resulted to heated debates by authors, scholars and even political leaders. Various individuals have supported it citing advantages while others have fought against its adoption citing its disadvantages. Brimley and Garfield (2008) assert that employment of merit pay in an institution or region results to improved student and teacher performance. Arguably, researchers and authors note that rewarding teachers and tutors according to their efficacy would be coherent to management maxims from the private segment and would result to better student and teacher performan ce. Research indicates that merit pay contributes to student pay. Evidence has it that, in the implemented counties and states, more than 50 percent of the schools who have implemented merit pay perform better than the schools who have not implemented merit pay. From this, Brimley and Garfield (2008) note that the incentives acts as motivational factors that prompt teachers to work hard and perform better. Implementation of merit pay in Tennessee would lead to improved student and teacher performance. On the other hand, merit pay assists in recruitment and retention of teachers within the schools and the county. In reference to Brimley and Garfield (2008), schools that adopt merit pay approach attract competent and highly trained teachers than those who have not implemented the approach. Lower socioeconomic schools in Tennessee can use this approach to attract qualified teachers and tutors. Research has it that low socio-economic schools attract highly skilled teachers after adoptio n of merit pay. Debatably, merit pay programs can also lessen the challenge of teacher retention. Brimley and Garfield (2008) argue that performance pay motivates the teachers and helps in keeping the training teachers from leaving school and the profession. Merit pay can assist Tennessee County retain and attract competent and highly skilled personnel. Merit pay helps identify the best performers in schools and reward them according to their efforts. This, in turn, motivates the teacher to perform better and achieve better results. Adoption of merit pay by Tennessee County can assist in boosting teacher morale and in turn boost its performance. However, implementation of merit pay has arguments opposed to it. Numerous researches have shown that merit pay contributes to low teacher drive and poor results. According to Brimley and Garfield (2008), merit pay promotes unhealthy competition among teachers. All the teachers want to achieve high and receive rewards. This leads to reduced corporation among the teachers as one will feel that they are helping the other teacher attain high performance and get the reward. Research has shown that some of the teachers have gone to the extent of bribing and inducing students to rate or perform poorly in a teacher’s subject so that they may receive the award. This may lead to poor performance in the schools and the Tennessee County in general. In addition, a teacher’s merit is difficult to measure. According to Bri

The Success Of BMW Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Success Of BMW Company - Assignment Example It explains the reason why the company has chosen focussed differentiation as the most suitable alternative. The strategy to produce luxury cars of the best quality using the latest technology provides reasons why it has evolved as the most luxurious brands used by the high-income groups in society. Then, the project assesses the key resources and capabilities which have been used by the company in the last five years. Lastly, the company’s present strategies have been evaluated in comparison to its future competition in terms of suitability, feasibility, and acceptability. The critical success factors identify the key issues that organizations should focus on to attain success. It refers to the specific areas where satisfactory results would yield competitive success for the individual, department or department. The critical factors which account for the success of BMW include industry, competitive strategies, environmental factors, managerial position and temporal factors. The most important factor that has been the key to the company’s progress towards success is its brand image. Its brand strength is so high that it allows product changes to take place smoothly and without any hurdles. It can easily introduce new products in the market without losing its share of the market. The company would also continue to attain success as long as the new products introduced under the original brand continues to meet customer requirements in terms of image, quality, and value (Ward, Srikanthan & Neil, 1990, p.10). The automobile industry has been undergoing a process of transition since the last few years. The number of suppliers is supposed to come down from 5500 to 2800 by 2015. Among the independent manufacturer's mention may be made of Fiat, Ford, Honda, and Porsche. The BMW has to compete with the above companies to be in the limelight.