A Career as a Finance Officer

Every company desires good business. Their primary goals are to earn money, spend in intelligent ways that will increase the company value, and have enough money left to stay clear of debt. It is critical that a company have good financial management in order to attain these goals. Without the proper direction and implementation of solid financial strategies, few companies will survive.Upon completion of my degree, I am planning to work in the field of financial management as a finance officer.A finance officer directs the company budget toward their financial goals, oversees investments, and the financial objectives of an organization. They may also deal with acquisitions and mergers. I am very interested in finding a position as a finance manager, where I am able to use my education, skills and enthusiasm for finance to promote a company’s interests.It is necessary for a finance officer to be well educated, with at least a bachelor’s degree. The entry market is highly competitive and any additional experience or education obtainable is an advantage. Many companies prefer to hire financial managers with an advanced degree or some experience.As I begin my job search, I will research each company of interest to determine their criteria for hire. I understand that some companies require entry exams or a certificate program through their company for prospective employees.Also, it may be necessary to take a position with less responsibility or compensation in order to obtain the experience necessary to advance. My education in computers is will be an advantage since all financial and inter-office interaction is typically computer based.My excellent communication and people skills will assist me in a position as a finance officer. Since most managers will be directly overseeing other employees, being able to direct projects, assign responsibilities and lead others towards desired goals is critical. It is also important to be able to work in a team envi ronment and to be able to explain complex financial information in a clear way. I believe that these are some of my strong points.A successful finance officer is one who is willing to constantly learn and grow in their field. They must change in response to technological developments and data analysis techniques. They must stay on top of the current trends and information in the financial field and they need to be aware of current tax laws governing their industry.Various seminars and workshops are available for continuing education, which may or may not be required, but are always a good idea. The Internet provides much of the current information in the finance world, but trade journals deliver cutting edge information.The Financial Management Association International, based at the College of Business Administration at the University of South Florida in Tampa (http://www.fma.org/) publishes a quarterly and a bi-annual journal (http://www.fma.org/jaf.htm), and the Association for F inancial Professionals in Bethesda, Maryland (http://www.afponline.org/), offers a monthly publication.Both of these regularly have articles about current research, software development, and information of interest to those in finance fields. They post meeting minutes and notifications of available workshops as well.

It Final

Week 8 : Wk8 – Final Exam(TCO A) Based on the examples in the chapter, if you were asked to formulate a plan for a regional drive-in restaurant chain's efforts to use information technology to develop a loyal customer base, what would be the best use of information technology from the list below? (Points : 8)   Use IT to increase supplier loyalty. Use IT to increase operational efficiency. Use IT to create new products and business models. Use IT to achieve customer intimacy.(TCO B) ________ are visual tools for presenting performance data in a BI system. (Points : 8) |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dashboards and scorecards Parameterized reports Reports and the drill-down feature Scenarios and models |(TCO C) The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables is the (Points : 8) |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   OODBMS. pre-digital DBMS. relational DBMS. hierarchical DBMS. |(TCO D) IT staffing is reduced in a cloud computing environment because (Points : 8) |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is less infrastructure to manage and maintain. There is a reduction in local software installation on individual work-stations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most services required are available from the cloud All of the above |(TCO E) Which of the following factors provides an understanding of why computing resources today are ever more available than in previous decades? (Points : 8)network economics law of mass digital storage and Moore's law declining communications costs, universal standards, and the Internetall of the above(TCO F) Change is (Points : 8) | not welcome in any methodologies accepted often using traditional methodologies foundational principle of agile methodologiesalways to be done at the end of the project(TCO G) Many security attacks occur because (Points : 7)users open documents that they think come from a co-workers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   users leave their computers running user download illegal movies and mu sic corporate firewalls are not reliableWeek 8 : Wk8 – Final Exam(TCO G) Define the basic concepts of responsibility, accountability, and liability as applied to ethical decisions. How are these concepts related? (Points : 35)(TCO F) Differentiate between intangible and tangible benefits and list three examples of each. In what types of systems are intangible benefits more predominant? (Points : 35)(TCO E) Distinguish between grid computing, cloud computing, and utility computing. (Points : 35)(TCO D) What is cloud computing and how do you think its developments could impact businesses? (Points : 35)(TCO C) What types of relationships are possible in a relational database? Describe and give an example of each. (Points : 35)(TCO B) You are evaluating BI software from a variety of vendors. Identify six elements in the BI environment. Use your understanding of the importance of these elements to formulate six questions to ask the vendor in order to determine how their software w ill interplay with your needs. (Points : 35)(TCO A)  Assess at least two benefits of using enterprise systems. (Points : 35)

Laboratory by Christopher Carroll

The book â€Å"Lab 257: The Disturbing Story of the Government's Secret Plum Island Germ Laboratory† by Christopher Carroll provides true nature, exact details and thoroughly examined and checked history of Plum Island. It is necessary to outline that findings presented in the book significantly contribute the evidence that government does have many secrets and doesn’t want them to be revealed. Thus the author appears to be a real pioneer revealing shocking facts and true facts about the island and serious diseases. The author is rather persuasive, because he uses logical arguments, conclusions and facts to defend his position. The narrative of the book flows smoothly and follows chronological order. Thus it is apparent that Carroll has succeeded both as pioneer of the problem and as talented writer. (Carroll 2004) The author shows in the book that Plum Island â€Å"on the edge of the largest population center in the United States is a ticking biological time bomb that none of us can safely ignore†. (Carroll 2004) It is necessary to mention that the book bases its evidence on the innumerable number of government documents, in-depth interviews with people and certainly access to Plum Island itself. In the beginning Carroll admits that â€Å"this is an eye-opening, suspenseful account of a federal government germ laboratory gone terribly wrong†. (Carroll 2004) Therefore, the author leads readers through secret world presenting horrifying revelations such as seriously infected workers, outbreaks of viruses, biological meltdowns, etc. The author is really outrageous with the fact that infected workers were refused to be assisted in diagnosis by Plum Island brass. Further, the author proves that the area waters are highly contaminated with periodic flushing of raw sewage. Moreover, Carroll finds associations between the outbreak of deadly West Nile virus in 1999 and Lyme disease in Plum Island. Actually the book is through exploration of the secret world of bacteria, viruses and microbiology. Carroll illustrates how the Department of Agriculture in the USA runs the Plum Island for last fifty years and states that that is â€Å"far more than wholesome grade-A eggs and the food pyramid†. (Carroll 2004) It is necessary to note that author provides new and original overview of the Island stating that is exists in the age of bioterrosism because of improper policy of the Department of Homeland Security. The book is interested in safety and security and thus it calls for action in order to show protest from biological catastrophes for future generations. Actually â€Å"Lab 257† provides new understanding of Plum Island and calls it â€Å"a biological Three Mile Island†. It is known that since 1950 this place is of great interest for researching animal diseases. Plenty of outrageous and disturbing events and news are revealed in the book involving escaped germs and lax security as well as sewage pills. Carroll thinks that some of the found viruses are potent bioterrorist weapons and thus the access to them should be limited. And it is Christopher Carroll who touches this problem for the first time. (Carroll 2004) The author believes that it is his task to reveal the secret and scandal-hidden history of the Plum Islands, because, according to his mind, the nation should be aware of horrors taking place there. Nevertheless, some moments in the book are tangled. The book reveals lots of talks with past and current workers, â€Å"filing Freedom of Information Act applications to get classified material and visiting the island itself six times†.   (Carroll 2004) The history of Plum Island is traced from its very beginning as a research facility for warfare of germs till its becoming a part of the Department of Agriculture. The author involves in the books descriptions of not only mysterious island, but also descriptions of animal diseases, bio-warfare researches, etc. He states that the island has relived the very top of its researches as well as its fall. Nowadays the island is a run-down and dangerous place with â€Å"little in the way of security, even after the events of 9/11 put the island under the watch of the Department of Homeland Security†. (Carroll 2004) US Department of Agriculture has done certain significant work in order to protect livestock of America. For example, the scientists are responsible for creating the first vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease. Carroll states that positive moments can’t exist without negative consequences and thus he says that the Department has done their best to hide the breakdowns of researches.   Thus the successful researches are plagued and since 1970s have been seriously criticized. Despite certain successful discoveries, negative effects are apparent: leaking air filters, escaping sewage, etc. what is more awful is that outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease is caused by lab's herds. It is argued in the book that â€Å"things recently went from bad to worse when many of the jobs were privatized, leading to dangerous cost-cutting†. (Carroll 2004) Further, it is necessary to mention Carroll’s recounting of the Hurricane Bob on the Island. Thus Carroll possibly hints that â€Å"the storm unleashed a doomsday scenario – one that never actually materialized†. (Carroll 2004) However, the thinks that Hurricane has positive impact compared with other outrageous revelations. Carroll assumes that scientists are responsible for setting loose the Lyme disease as well as Nile virus in 1991. Furthermore, they are to blame for new scourges taken place in the United States of America. The evidence in the book is presented by Carroll’s personal observations and investigations. Special attention in the book is paid to Lyme disease. For example, the author hints that â€Å"the Nazis experimented on Lyme disease as a weapon of germ warfare, and that after World War II; one German researcher had some dealings with the founders of Plum Island†. (Carroll 2004) Scientists in the Plum Island are though to have studied tick-borne diseases. Firstly, the disease was revealed in Lyme, Conn, in 1970s. Scientists thought hat it was caused by either deer or birds carried Lyme-infected ticks. Plum Island is situated near the Lyme and thus it is infected as well. However, other evidence suggests that bacteria caused Lyme disease has existed in American forests even before the scientists appeared in Plum Island. Factually, it is indicated that â€Å"these bacteria probably evolved in North America and only later spread to Europe†. (Carroll 2004) However, Michael Carroll mocks at the provided idea of possible Lyme history, but â€Å"the fact is that many diseases have made this sort of crossover into humans†.   He thinks if to disturb the ecosystems, the parasites are sometimes pushed out to make humans their own home. For example, malaria was a serious scourge many years ago, but then the first African farmer made an attempt to clear the forests and to create â€Å"homes† for parasites – he decoded to breed mosquitoes. Further, HIV is chimpanzee viruses which have got into bloodstreams of human in 20th century because of slaughter of chimps for meat. Thus Carroll asserts that the gravest danger nowadays is bioterrorim, because it is able to create many diseases. Bioterrorism involves climate change, globalization and deforestation. Therefore, the author thinks that Plum Island is necessary place, because SARS and anthrax have to be defeated. Thus the lab has to be kept safe and secure. (Carroll 2004) No unturned stone is left in the book â€Å"Lab 257†. The author thoroughly investigates the Plum Island’ history and illustrates workings of the lab. Special attention is paid to operations on Plum Island.   The strength of the book is a variety of information gathered from different sources ranging from interviews with employees to appropriate government agencies. Carroll skillfully assembles all the materials into research being easily readable and remarkable. Carroll is certainly talented researcher and writer and his book is one of the most shocking pieces of non-fiction. The author thinks that media will become interested in his â€Å"chilling expose of a potential catastrophe† and thus government will be forced to take measures to provide sanitary and safe conditions. (Carroll 2004) If government pays no attention to the problem, people will be threatened to become new victims. Summing up the material provided it is necessary to admit that Carroll has managed to meet with many people who have made the Plum Island: researchers, scientists, present and pass employees, animal handlers, etc. Furthermore, people â€Å"of the surrounding areas who never wanted the lab facility there in the first place† are also involved in the book narrative. (Carroll 2004) The author provides strong evidence of serious breaches of protection and security and states that such ignorance may lead to viruses’ releases. The consequences would be apparent: devastation of forests and spreading of diseases. It is known that many workers in the island are ill will diseases which are still unidentified by any doctor. Furthermore, the book is filled with suggestions that â€Å"West Nile Virus and other such diseases were actually introduced to U.S. soil via Plum Island†. (Carroll 2004) Thus mishaps could have been responsible for spreading of anthrax, mad cow disease and Rift Valley fever viruses. Carroll also admits that terrorist could have bee provided with lots of opportunities to easily access the island because of improper security systems. Carroll provides evidence that release of deadly viruses and toxins is caused by mishaps on the island. Thus the author concludes that humans nowadays are not safe at all. (Carroll 2004) References Carroll, Michael C. (2004).Lab 257: The Disturbing Story of the Government's Secret Plum Island Germ Laboratory. New York: William Morrow.   

Linguistics Language Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Linguistics Language Acquisition - Essay Example It is also dependent on knowledge of local linguistic situation. The best methods are therefore those that will generate interest among the students. In deciding how to develop language teaching methods and materials, three approaches will be more relevant: 1) Make use of second language acquisition theory, 2) Utilize applied linguistics research, and 3) Make use of ideas and intuition from experience. It was reported that considerably larger section (>45,000) of population of Trinidad and Tobago communicate in Trinidad English Creole (TEC) and have been using the dictionary for the same (EN1). There has been practice of code switching in which the people use English and Creole simultaneously. The behaviourist approach and the cognitive approaches were found to be effective in explaining the language acquisition by children in Caribbean islands (EN2). They will make students to mimic the words uttered by teachers and memorize the same by repeated exercise and in that process help the teachers. The language acquisition facilitates learning process as the living language generates more interest among the learners and paves the way for easily digestible mode of teaching. The importance of acquiring knowledge of linguistics in facilitating educational and learning process was confirmed by Carter,2002 (EN3). In addition, the basic knowledge about the following five theories of language acquisition by teachers is essential for effective teaching techniques in TEC. 1. The acquisition-learning disctinction. It states that language learning and language acquisition are completely different and teachers must keep this in mind while explaining in TEC. 2. The natural order hypothesis. It postulates that for a any language, some grammatical structures tend to be acquired early, others late, regardless of the first language of a speaker. 3. The monitor hypothesis. It states that the language that we have consciously learned acts as an editor in situations where the learner has enough time to edit. 4. The input hypothesis. It answers the question of how a language acquirer develops comptency over time. 5. The affective fi lter hypothesis. It concludes that motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety affect language acquisition and hence the teachers must keep this in mind while formulating theories for students in TEC. Approaches to language teaching Knowledge about different approaches to Language Teaching like grammar-translation, audio-lingualism, cognitive-code, the direct method, the natural approach, total physical response, and Suggestopedia will certainly aid in efficient teaching (EN4) in TEC. 1. Grammar-translation: It explains the grammatical rule and vocabulary and makes language acquisition more complex. 2. Audio-lingualism: It is better than the previous method in language acquisition as it allows the students to mimic the dialogue and eventually memorize it. 3. Cognitive-code: It focuses on developing all four skills of language: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. 4. The direct method: It is more effective than earlier methods as it involves all discussion in the target language. The teacher uses examples of language in order to inductively teach grammar; students are to try to guess the rules of the language by the examples provided. 5.The natural

Faster, Pussycat Kill Kill (Russ Meyer, 1965) Essay

Faster, Pussycat Kill Kill (Russ Meyer, 1965) - Essay Example Tura Satana, the actress, who plays the main role in the film, has a violent and magnificent appearance. Her makeup is aggressive; she wears black costume and scares off men. What was the main intention of the director, when he showed a woman from a different perspective, than it used to be in the society? Female empowerment can be seen in the aggressive female characters. This is a kind of fantasy, where a female dominatrix leads the whole story. This is a strong female character, which is able to cause a physical damage to a man with her karate moves or with the help of her car, pressing Vegetable to the wall. In such a way, we can claim that the film director created an image of a pop powerful woman, showing her unnatural and weird, but really attracting for the audience. A strong female character has an enormous power influencing men around her. Her appearance is not the main toll for her, but her energy and emotions, which are directed on destruction. All these features enable the main female characters to be violent and aggressive creatures, who want to take power back from men and live on their own, for their own satisfaction. On the one hand, the character of a violent woman is a great social challenge. There is no tenderness or vanilla in these girls†¦They do not make any attempt to be calm housewives, but remain rough and speed up in their cars. In the episode of young man’s spine cracking, there is a great panic and emotional turmoil among the girls. There is a direct juxtaposition of men and women power, when Varla comes to the Old Man and his two sons live. There is an air of danger, but this air is filled with sexual restrain. Billie reveals her libido and wants to stay alone with a handsome young man. On the other hand, the main features of female feelings and emotions are prevented by a potential intention of exploting women. Therefore, there is rather ambiguous feeling after watching this film. I am sure that

Four Seasons Hotels And Resorts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Four Seasons Hotels And Resorts - Essay Example Four Seasons Hotels, Inc. is a Canadian-based international luxury hotel chain consisting of hotels and resorts aimed at the higher end of the accommodation market. It is considered among the best luxury hotel chains worldwide.Four Seasons is a publicly traded corporation headquartered in Toronto, Canada.It has grown from single hotel to a prestigious company with 74 luxury hotels and resort properties several of which include a residential component. These properties operate under the Four Seasons brand name in principal cities and resort destinations in 31 countries in North America, The Caribbean, Europe, Australia, Asia, The Middle East and South America.The business-oriented hotels (as opposed to the resort properties) are typically mediumsize, located in major business and commercial centers, either in downtown areas or in suburbs with significant business infrastructures. Founded in 1960 by Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Isadore Sharp, Four Seasons traces it roots to an idea that proved to be revolutionary: what the global business traveler wanted most was personalised service, available round-the-clock. Frequent international travel, now so commonplace, was an emerging trend in the 1960's and '70s. It set the stage for a new kind of luxury hotel experience.Sharp had the opportunity to capitalize on this trend when the company opened its third hotel, and its first in Europe, the Inn on the Park, now known as Four Seasons Hotel London.... Four Seasons was also the first to provide European-style concierge services and room service 24/7, offer innovative choices in cuisine, taking the hotel dining experience to a new level ,and to make all of these services available at every hotel it operated. Mission To provide Exceptional service in unparalleled settings Goal The main goal is to be an undisputed global leader in luxury lodging. Objectives Provide economic returns that would help sustain the portfolio. Enhance the value of Four Seasons reputation and brand name globally. Generate premium shareholder returns over the long term. Values: Consistently superior quality, exclusivity, a measure of enhanced social status, and a measure of the ability of a brand to make a customer "feel special". The Four Seasons' firmly believes in the golden rule, "treat others, how you would like to be treated". Portfolio The 1990's brought a new avenue of growth, the opening of the company's first destination resort, Four Seasons Resort Maui at Wailea, extending the company's unique approach to the leisure experience. An early pioneer of spa as an integral part of the luxury hotel experience, Four Seasons first introduced a full-service spa in 1986, at Four Seasons Resort and Club Dallas at Las Colinas. By 2001, every Four Seasons resort included a distinctive spa experience and every property worldwide offered on-site spa services.Four Seasons launched a new extension of its brand in 1997. Today, Four Seasons Residential Properties to provide full or fractional ownership of city and vacation homes in some of the most desirable locations around the world. Four Seasons Private Residences in San Francisco, Nevis - soon in Miami and Punta Mita - offer fully deeded hotel ownership of condominiums

Life is beautiful Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Life is beautiful - Essay Example The belief that the world is beautiful is created by Guido for his son. In response, Giosue does not understand the real situation even unto death. The purpose of the two beliefs in the film is to develop the plot of the film. Without the Giosue belief of a better world, the depiction of the holocaust cannot be illustrated and developed. The different perception of life by Giosue helped develop the plot. It is Guido’s belief that the world may change, but the perception of the human race cannot be hidden even when conducting business. Being a Jew, Guido presents himself as a caring father, but has racism in the way the family business is operated (Benigni). The concentration camp in the main set up of the film. It is based on the execution of the Jews, but Guido ensures that the sons belief in a beautiful world with no problems. The creation of a different view of the world helps in twofold view creation. In conclusion, the film has developed the two fold view by looking at the father and son approach to the world. The beautiful world is created in the son’s view while the real world is depicted in the life

Ambiance and Musical Symmetry at Count Basie Theater Essay

Ambiance and Musical Symmetry at Count Basie Theater - Essay Example After attending the grand performance by the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra at Count Basie Theater in Red Bank, leftover emotions and higher appreciation for the plight of the orchestra remained long after the event. Enjoyment of the symphony was certainly not limited to the more obvious elements of music such as tempo and style, the performance was pounded out by a host of talented musicians who furiously engaged the audience with competent instruments. The performance included Tchaikovsky – Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 which was a rather brilliantly executed in a rather unique tempo with both conductor and musician working incredibly hard to focus attention on powerful percussion. Neeme Jarvi, the conductor, was rather violent in his obligations, which served to draw audience focus away from the instruments so as to see the passion Jarvi obviously has for music and the symphony. My traditional history with the symphony had rarely illustrated such an active conductor, which I believe made this particular series of performances more captivating. Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg was the soloist violin at Count Basie Theater, who managed to work the crowd into somewhat of a frenzy with her unique style.

See the attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

See the attachment - Essay Example The accounting information that is mainly used includes trends of prices, cash flow, market share and firms available resources. 2 (A) Define Sense-making This refers to the process whereby individuals provide a meaning to a particular event or experience. This process is attributed to the existence of cognitive gap where individuals encounter out of making sense from any observed data or information. According to Kauer (2008) in his investigation underlying individual sense-making provides that sense-making is basically an approach of thinking involving assumptions, conceptual frameworks, methodologies and substantive propositions (Kauer, 2008). This process in real life is considered a capability in the corporate world because of its importance in the leadership of dynamic and complex situations. The general activities underlying sense-making include collection of relevant, valid and reliable data, conversations and actions recommended. 2 (B) Describe the context of sense-making in strategic management accounting It is notable that there are theories which have provided evidence that strategic management accounting is vital in developing sense-making process. ... Among the core management accounting roles is to control and manage the organization budget. This involves sense-making processes activities such as knowing the budget, project funding and the current costing of the project. The sense-making activities ensure that there is accuracy in the analysis as well as the collection of organization values and operating costs. Strategic management accounting involves assigning of costs outside the budget. In regard to this aspect of strategic management accounting sense-making process is incorporated in bringing the whole picture where all the expenses and cost are pre-determined by the underlying managers. The sense-making activities under this include market analysis follow up, customer service costs and expenses. Strategic management accounting has notably adopted sense-making process in conducting competitor’s analysis and comparison (Hoque, 2006). Sense-making process integrated in the management accounting process offers an avenue where other businesses costs, revenues and profitability are examined within the same industry. According to Tor Hernes, (2012) this is attributed to organization products and services costs constantly changing because of the dynamism, market forces and other organizational factors (Tor Hernes, 2012). Sense-making activities among the strategic management manager will ensure that measures are put in place for the company to enhance its cost management in comparison with their competitors. This can also be linked with the company enhancing profitability and consolidating its market share. Finally sense-making activities in the context of strategic management accounting regard organization

Old Folks Homes Essay Example for Free

Old Folks Homes Essay When considering the nursing home option for parents or other loved ones, here are a few of the main advantages to keep to mind: †¢ Better resources and equipment: Private homes simply dont have the types of medical equipment and supplies needed to help seniors stay healthy. Many nursing homes are almost as advanced as hospitals in their ability to provide sophisticated care for patients on a 24-hour basis. †¢ High-quality long-term care: Due to modern medicine, seniors now live longer than ever. While were thankful for this, longer life-spans often come with longer periods of late-life illness and disability. Caring for a senior relative at home is often a long-term commitment of many years, sometimes requiring intensive care. †¢ Emergency response and 24-hour monitoring: Nursing homes are equipped to deal with emergencies and other sudden incidents. Internal call systems allow residents to contact staff at any time should something arise. These systems are monitored 24 hours, and experienced staff is always on hand to respond. Lighter emotional burden on family: When an elderly relative being cared for at home experiences suffering, a sudden emergency, or a decline in health, family members are liable to feel guilt and to wonder if they could have done more. Putting the elderly relative in the hands of professionals makes this issue nonexistent. †¢ Family can live their own lives: While we want to help our relatives as much as possible, we also must think of ourselves, our spouses, and our children. Caring for an elderly relative at home can be a time-consuming process for everyone involved, which may take time and energy away from careers, school, hobbies, family bonding, travel, and other important personal matters. If our elderly relative can be just as happy and healthy, if not more so, in a home, why not take the burden off of ourselves? †¢ Social opportunities: Socially, seniors need more than just family. At nursing homes, seniors are out in the world interacting with a variety of people. Other residents provide a chance to form new friendships with others in the same age group. Meanwhile, strong, personal relationships may also be developed with staff members. †¢ Activities: Nursing homes routinely provide the types of activities and, in some cases, outings that are specifically tailored to seniors, and which may not be available in private homes. Nursing homes usually provide movies, reading material, games, activities, and other types of events. In addition, they often have private gardens where residents can go for strolls, get resh air, and even do some gardening. The nursing home is a facility created with a precise role ,in the medical care for elderly . In this facility are admitted the patients discharge from hospital. After the discharge from the hospital,the recovery process continue for a period of time in the nursing home. Being equipped for physical therapy,and speech therapy,the patient with stroke has an appropriate place to recover. After surgery for fracture of the hip,the motor recovery is better than in home. For a limited period of time the admission in nursing home,can be handle by the family and aging patient,in the interest of both sides. Many times the family makes opposition at the recommendation for transfer from hospital to nursing home. Even today,we meet a misconception about the reputation of nursing homes. Everybody can be in the aging process candidate for admission as resident in nursing home. In these days when the younger people in the family are busy with their job and family,less and less make an effort to keep the elderly parent in home. For elderly parents,changing his environment can be devastating. I knew many aging people who were admitted in the nursing home , because the family,couldnt do an appropriate arrangement for them. Several aspects in the health status of admitted aging patient in nursing home,can be observed and avoided. In the majority of patients,was noted a clear refuse to be admitted in nursing home. If the patient was admitted,the emotional reaction was painful for the family and patient. The patient came withdrawn,refuse to communicate with staff. When the family came for visit,the patient hostility and lack of understanding of the family,aggravated their relationship. The patient develop feeling of abandon from the family. Sometimes they express paranoid manifestations,believing that the family wanted to take over their assets. The patient is unable to communicate with other residents in nursing home. Many times ,in their paranoid behavior,include the staff of nursing home. They believe that the family and the nursing home,conspire ,to steal the assets. Among the other changes in behavior and emotional status,often the other residents or staff,report:refuse to eat and drink,Decline to take the medication. Refuse to have the daily body care. Their sleep is also disturbed. In short period of time,the physical condition is deteriorating. Possibility to catch intra facility infections is very high possibility. These are only several aspects related to the elderly admitted in nursing home. The majority of statistics,showed that a patient admitted in this facilities,have a rate of survival shorter,comparatively with elderly living in their own residence. The best place to live is the residence where is well known for aging people. They know where are the daily tools used for grooming. Any changes in their environment can have emotional reaction. They can be confused,unable to behave like before,having premature manifestations of dementia. The family of elderly parents,have to be aware about all physical and mental changes of the aging parents. An appropriate care can avoid unpleasant situations and all consequences of changing the own residence with the nursing home.

Occupational Science And Occupational Therapy

Occupational Science And Occupational Therapy This assignment is aimed at establishing occupation as the link between occupational science (academic discipline) and occupational therapy (a profession) (Cohn 2003). Both occupational science and occupational therapy has a passion to solve performance problem or occupational dysfunction by applying occupation as a tool. Hence the complexity of occupation requires activities analysis as a process for finding and adjusting an occupation to achieve some therapeutic benefit or allow a person to engaged in a former or new occupational role. (Duncan, 2009. p.91) Occupational science (OS) was first mooted by the National Society for the promotion of occupational Therapy in 1917 in the USA (Wilcock 2001,2003, Larson et al 2003). The primary objectives of that organisation, which later became the America Occupational Therapy Association, anticipated that it should focus on the development of occupation as a therapeutic measure, the study of the effects of occupation upon human being, and the propagation of scientific knowledge of this subject (Dunton et al 1917 as cited in Wilocock 2003,p.164). As the profession grew, only the therapeutic use of occupation attracted much attention (Wilcock, 2001). Occupational science was formally founded in 1989 when the university of south Californias (USC) doctoral program was launched (Zemke, 1996). This was champion by Yerxa et al (1989,p.6) and she described Occupational science as the study of the human as an occupational being, with the need for, and competence to engage in and coordinate daily occupati ons in the environment over the lifespan. Yerxa et al (1989), Occupations are defined in the science as chunks of daily activity that can be named in the glossary of the culture (Clark, 1991) Occupational science and occupational therapy are intimately related, and that in fact the former emerged from the latter. (Duncan 2009,p.300) Occupational science was seen as a basic science, that is, one which dealt with widespread issues about occupation without concern for their instant application (Yerxa et al 1989, p.4) occupational therapy on the other hand, was seen as being worried with the application of knowledge about occupation for therapeutic ends (Clark et al, 1991) Occupation is equally the fundamental focus of occupational therapy practice and the unit of analysis considered in occupational science (Cohn, 2003). Occupational science generates knowledge about the rich variety of human occupation and the socio-cultural, political, economic, environmental, biological and other conditions to sustain healthy, fulfilling, meaningful occupation for person and communities in different world contexts. There are some reservations whether or not the basic science of occupation is essential at all given that an abundance of knowledge about occupation exists in other discipline (kielhofner, 2002). What is obvious, though, is that whilst other fields may tackle issues, which might usefully inform an understanding of occupation, these fields do not use the idea of occupation as the center of inquiry (Clark et al 1993, Polatajko 2004). This guarantee that any knowledge generated not only tackles the concern of therapists but also has clear direction on how th at knowledge can be used in practice (kielhofner 1997,2002 Taylor et al 2002). Occupational science impact on therapist to reflect on their practice and resolve its congruence with the philosophy and mounting facts base of an occupational perception. (Duncan 2009) There are concerns that occupational science overlaps with other disciplines and is therefore not adequately unique to validate its institution as a scholarly discipline. Nevertheless, it is examination that occupational science, because of its sole subject matter and emphasis, constitutes a conceptually distinct field of inquiry(Clark et al. 1991,p.304). Traditionally, the social sciences established their uniqueness not by their formal description but by their emphases and traditions. The unique traditional base of occupational science lies in the practice of occupation therapy, with its concern with the adaptation, by way of engagement in occupation, of person with disabilities. (Clark et al. 1991.p30) It has been recommended that one of this new field will force occupation on occupational therapists to re-engage with there philosophy and revisit occupation as the core of occupational therapy (Molineux, 2000), since the centre of Occupational science is human as occupational being (Yerxa et al., 1989; wilcock, 1993) However, another school of taught define occupational science as an academic discipline, the reason of which is to generate knowledge about form, the function and the meaning of human occupation. (Zemke, 1996). Occupational Science focuses on: Form, which is the directly observable aspect of occupation. The objective set of physical and socio-cultural situation, external to the individual at a particular time. Though, occupational form guides, structures, or suggests what is to be done by the individual. In completing the form imitate on what happens behind the scenes and recognize the association between doing being. (Hersch et al, 2005 p36). In a study of preschoolers receiving occupational therapy, Case -Smith (2000) found that the occupation of play fostered the development of visual and fine -motor skills suggesting occupation-based interventions distorted component skills. In contrast, a Meta -analysis study of occupational form found out that, in contrast to less enriched forms, enriched occupational forms moderately enhanced performance outcomes, especially in the area of movement kinematics (Cohn, 2003). The function of occupation refers to the way occupation influences health, adaptation, development and quality of life, the purpose or intended outcome when participating in occupation (Larson et al, 2003). Occupational scientists could study how being fed versus being helped to feed oneself to the maximum extent possible affects the physical health and life satisfaction of residents of health care institutions. (Cohn, 2003). Meaning in occupational science refers to the refers reentire interpretive knowledge engaged in by an person encountering an occupational form. The subjective experience of engagement in occupations (Larson et al 2003). People instil occupations with personal meaning or value. Further more, occupations are metaphorically constituted in a culture and interpreted in context of persons life stories. For example, a dining event with a new friend may be seen as essential in influential ones future, resulting in a romance or even marriage. The attempt to occupational diagnosis begins with the identification of activity limitations or participation restrictions. (Molineux, 2009). Whether physical or mental in nature, the behaviours necessary for completion of tasks in daily occupations can be analysed according to specific components related to moving, perceiving, thinking feeling (Hersch et al 2005). Hence, it is consonant with the top-down approach to the occupational therapy process (Trombly, 1993). Impairments, negatively influencing performance, are then identified through Task analysis. Task analysis examining an activity to identify the sequence of steps or tasks that constitute the activity. Each task may be analysed into a further series of sub-tasks. (Creek, 2003) Subsequently, they are evaluated in detail through additional targeted observations or specific impairment tests, such as goniometry for range of movement and screening test for depress. Then, attention is directed to potential environmental factors restricting performance. Through it the process, clients collaborate (client centeredness) with the parishioners to develop an understanding of problems in relation to clients situation and to prioritise the relative importance of problems. . (Molineux, 2009). The top-down approach differs from the approach in putting the initial emphasis on occupation. In the bottom-up approach, the practitioner begins the evaluation of occupational performance by exploring impairments. For example, knowing that a client has rheumatoid arthritis, the evaluation may begin with measures of pinch strength, 1.5 pounds of pinch on the right (dominant) and 5 pounds on the left, the practitioner might infer that the client is unable to proper meals due to the in adequate pinch strength. This is a weak diagnostic statement because it is based on prediction or inference about prefromance supported by impairment testing but not activity analysis. (Molineux, 2009). The technical skills of the therapist involve competence in the administering diagnostic procedures and tests client data are gathered through the sense (vision hearing touch smell taste and kinaesthesia) aided by structured and unstructured interviews, observations, and tests. A completed activity analysis results in a change of some kind, either something has been added to or subtracted from the environment, or altered within it, or something has changed in the subjective experience of the participant. (Hagedorn 2000 p27). Occupational science acknowledges that occupation is contingent upon the environmental context. The study of human occupation must consider the dynamic relationship between the choices people make for action and the various environment al forces that facilitate or impinge upon those choices, the capacity of human to transform their environments to meet their needs though and for engagement in occupation is central to this science (Jackson, 1998) Occupational therapists believe in occupation for health We are concerned with individuals quality of life in terms of how they engage in satisfactory and meaningful occupations. We have a deep appreciation of the occupational nature of humans, of the relationship between health and occupation, and how occupations can influence health (Wilcock, 1999 cited in Finlay, 2004.p.3). Occupation therapist focuses on occupational performance. The active doing of the person in the context of the occupational form, after the person interprets the occupational form and wants to do something about it, the persons voluntary doing is the occupational performance, (Nelson and Jepson-Thomas 2003 p.111) performance is the outward expression of skills (Creek 2002, p276). We are centrally concerned with how individual function in their work, leisure, domestic life and personal self-care, a healthily person is one who is able to perform his or her daily occupations to a satisfying (for that person) and e ffective level. A persons occupational performance may well be disrupted or impaired when he or she becomes ill or disabled in some way. we have unique ability to assess occupational performance and to use occupations to improve or maintain that performance . (Finlay, 2004.p.4 ,,,) Underlying body functions and structures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ have potential to influence occupational performance (Crepeau et al 2003) help shape a persons identity effect individuals choice and subjective experience of occupations and persistence in sustaining occupational behaviour. Occupational therapist view service user holistically as unique individuals (the person) who have particular life experiences, interests, needs, skills, problems and motivations arising out of their particular social and cultural background? Occupational therapy concerned with the individual as a skilled and competent performer of a range of roles and occupations appropriate to his age, environment and culture. Each process contributes in some way to the attainment and retention of skilled performance (Haledon 2000). We aimed to view and treat individual as complex whole being rather than seeing their problems in isolation. We try to attend to emotional, cognitive, physical and social dimensions, in the context of the persons life style. (Finlay, 2004) Occupational therapists value the therapeutic potential and purposeful meaning- full activities to promote health and well being. Thus, occupational therapist is premised on the idea that purposeful activity can be therapeutic and can be used to improve individual functioning when used in a way that is meaningful top that person. One of the core skills is being able to apply activity in the treatment process. This process values the inherent properties of activities, the experience of doing and the end product. We employ two main types of therapeutic activities: activities of daily living (such as cooking and therapy activities) such as group work). Treatment often involves grading and adapting these actives in their inherent properties (Findlay, 2004) Study from out side occupational therapy and occupational science is demonstrating the occupational nature of humans and the impact of occupation on health. For example, the Health walks Research and development Unit (2000) at Oxford Brookes University has been investigating the health benefits of led walks in the countryside. The original walk project was investigated by a general practitioner zand seen then has been developed and scrutinized. Researcher in the unit have found that in addition to the obvious impact on physical fitness, participants also reap benefits due to the social aspect of the walks, and this is consistent with the multidimensional nature of occupation. (Yerxa et al., 1989). Recent research, particularly in the field of occupational science, has demonstrated the link between occupation and health/well being. For instance, in a review of literature on occupation and mental health in care homes for older people, Mozley (2001) provides evidence that opportunities for occupation and pleasure in homes contribute not only to mood state but also to actual survival rates. Wilcocks (1998) influential work on occupation for health stresses the importance of being in turn with our occupational nature in terms of the dynamic balance of doing, being and becoming. She shows how being arises from doing and becoming is dependent on doing and being. She argue how we are more susceptible to illness as a result of continuing occupational injustice, deprivation, alienation or balance (wilcock, 1999,p.195.) Wilcock (2001) identified 3 occupational problems that can compromise health Occupational Imbalance, Occupational deprivation, Occupational alienation Occupational Imbalance: has been proposed in the literature to refer to the loss of a balance of engagement in occupation which leads to ell-being, and might include balance between physical mental and social occupations between chosen and obligatory occupations; or between doing and being (wilcock, 1998). Occupational deprivation has been defined as the deprivation of occupational choice and diversity due to circumstances beyond the control of the individual (wilcock, 1998, p.257). These could be as a result of poverty, lack of employment opportunities, illness health/disability, discrimination, abuse, being a prisoner or war refugee, and so on. (Whiteford, 2000). Occupation alienation refers to the subjective experiences of isolation powerlessness, frustration, loss of control, estrangement from the society or self which results from engagement in occupations which fails to satisfy the inner needs of the available to patients. Specially, occupational scientist should consider placing occupation at the centre of their analysis would need to recognised the importance of an individual occupations and the symbolic meaning attributed to those occupations. This ensure that any knowledge generated not only addresses the concern of the petitioners but also has clear guidance on how that knowledge can be used in practice (kielhofner 1997,2002). This approach can be contrasted with occupational science, which informs proactive but may not necessarily provide specific tools or methods to be utilised by occupational therapists (molineux 2001), In doing so, philosophical explanation to support treatment was developed along with the concomitant principles and practices that would guide that treatment as well as outline the knowledge and skills that would be needed by those who provided it to patients. (Kramer 2003) The lack of a science unique to occupation or theories of practice, or research that proved the efficacy of practice, deeply hampered therapists efforts to establish credibility in all areas of practices. The richness and complexity of occupation is not evident if one cannot articulate the underling rationale and its basis in a recognisable science (Kramer 2003) Conclusion The basic philosophical tenets of occupational therapy continue to have an enduring presence in todays world of human health and illness. Occupation and related concepts such as interests and individual preferences, the importance of the environment in stimulating and supporting activity, and the fit of the activity to the person- continue to be applicable to people who have problems related to disability, disease, or other chronic debilitating conditions. As a field devoted to the study of occupation, occupational therapists and occupational scientist have remained committed to the founding principle. These principles are embedded in recognition of the potency of occupation as a catalyst for health.

Recruitment and Selection Process

Recruitment and Selection Process Introduction Employees are one of the most important resources of any business, and so it is important for organisations to have a thorough recruitment and selection process. This is to ensure that the best possible candidate is recruited to the post. There are many different aspects to consider during the recruitment and selection process, and this essay considers the issues that an organisation should consider as they search for candidates to recruit. The responsibility for recruitment and selection lies predominantly with a Human Resources (HR) department (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014, p.248), although in many organisations it is common for functional department heads to be involved in the process to ensure that technical considerations are assessed during recruitment and selection. Organisations also face the decision as to whether it is preferable to recruit internally or externally, and there are advantages and disadvantages to both approaches. There are also legal considerations associated with recruitment and selection which it is imperative that an organisation adheres to (Aylott, 2014 p.11). Accordingly, this essay presents a logical assessment of best practice in recruitment and selection on a life-cycle basis, beginning with job skills analysis and concluding with the final selection process. Best Practice in Recruitment and Selection Torrington et al., (2011, p.157) explain that the first steps in recruitment should be pragmatic and straightforward. It is important for the HR department to know how many people they need to recruit, and the skills and capabilities that they must possess. The easiest way to address this problem is to conduct a job skills analysis, carefully considering the content and requirement of job functions including an assessment of technical skills and also intangible or softer skills such as communication, innovation or sales ability. Ideally job skills analysis should be incorporated with a strategic assessment of HR requirements so that the organisation can be confident that they have the necessary skills contained within the human capital of the business to achieve long-term organisational objectives (Rivera, 2012b, p.75). Lievens and Sackett (2012, p.463) also recommend a job skills matrix to assess the future potential capability of job functions and to link this to future employee development opportunities. This is a matrix which lists the skills of employees against the skills the organisation requires or would like in the long term. Having assessed the functions of job roles it is then necessary to create a job description and also a person specification. These are two distinct documents although they are often prepared together (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014, p.250). The job description describes the technical functionality of the role, being as precise and detailed as possible. The person specification addresses the intangible aspects of job functionality to ensure that any potential recruit will fit comfortably within the organisation and has the skills and attributes which the organisation requires. Wilton (2013, p.158) emphasises that it is important for there to be a good fit between an employee and the organisation, so that the employee feels comfortable in their job role and performs to the best of their ability. Once the job description and person specification have been developed it is then possible to advertise the job role as the first stage in actual recruitment. At this point the organisation must decide whether they should recruit internally or externally. Phillips and Gully, (2009, p.18) explain that internal recruitment can be beneficial for a number of reasons. These include offering current employees opportunities for promotion or personal development, which is proven to motivate employees by demonstrating that there is an opportunity for career progression. Also, recruiting internally can be considered as a lower risk because the organisation is already familiar with the skills and capabilities of the employee. From a pragmatic perspective internal recruitment is also more cost-effective and quicker, so it is easier to fill the job role with less risk to the business. However, disadvantages to internal recruitment can include resentment on the part of employees who are not selected for the role (Phillips and Gully, 2009, p.20). Also, it may be the case that the organisation is looking for specific skills in order to expand the business, and no employees already in the firm have this necessary experience or skill. In these instances it is therefore necessary to recruit externally. External recruitment can be more challenging. In the first instance it is necessary to determine whether the organisation will use in-house procedures for external recruitment, or alternatively make use of external sources such as recruitment agencies or headhunters (CIPD, 2013, p.1). This decision is often based on a combination of financial considerations and organisational discretion. For example, if an organisation needs to recruit a large number of relatively junior roles then a recruitment agency may be the most appropriate approach. Recruitment agencies are likely to have a large number of potential candidates on their books, and they can undertake much of the necessary background checks and initial skills assessments. This can be a highly resource intensive process which organisations may not be able to manage effectively, hence paying recruitment agencies becomes preferable. Rivera (2012a, p.1000) notes that over time organisations can often establish relationships with preferred recruitment agencies so that the recruitment agencies become familiar with the job descriptions and person specifications, and this accelerates the process. Increasingly, organisations are also making use of online recruitment opportunities, and this is another way of reaching a wide group of potential candidates in a cost-effective manner (Girard and Fallery, cited in Boudarouk and Ruel, 2009, p.39). Alternatively, if it is a particularly high profile or specialist role organisations may wish to make use of headhunters. These are considerably more costly but can be appropriate if the role is senior or it is a new role which requires a particular skill set. Rivera (2012a, p.1001) explains that headhunters are more commonly used when there is a long lead time for more senior appointees and it is more important that they are a good cultural fit for the business. Furthermore, the more senior the role, the greater the potential risk to the business in terms of financial expenditure. Therefore it can be preferable to use external sources to find the most appropriate candidates. As noted previously there are also legal considerations as part of the recruitment process. These commence with the advertising of the job role, which under UK and EU legislation must be entirely non-discriminatory (Aylott, 2014, p.66). This includes wording of the advert for the role, and also the actual process of recruitment which must be entirely fair and transparent. This is another reason why headhunters and recruitment agencies can be beneficial, as they can help to ensure adherence to legislation and regulation in this area. It is also worth noting that there are changes in progress within the regulation in this area meaning that candidates shortlisted for more senior roles must demonstrate gender parity (Aylott, 2014, p.67). Hence, headhunters can be helpful for drawing up shortlists prior to the next stage of recruitment. Having drawn up a shortlist of potential candidates, either internally or externally, the next step in the process is to narrow down this shortlist. There are a number of possible means of doing this which can include interviews, psychometric testing and assessment centres (Breaugh, 2013, p.395). As might be imagined, each of these approaches has advantages and disadvantages, and it is also not uncommon to utilise these techniques in combination. The decision as to which type of recruitment method to adopt depends on the nature of the job role and the potential risks associated with the job function (Hall et al., 2013, p.358). In any event, it is absolutely imperative to ensure that there is complete fairness and transparency in the recruitment and selection process, not only because of the need to adhere to legislation and regulation, but also to ensure that each candidate has a fair experience. This is because this has implications for long-term recruitment and selection of high calibre candidates (CIPD, 2013, p.1). Guion (2011, p.9) explains that interviews remain as one of the most common forms of assessment when determining whether a candidate would be suitable for a job function. The length and intensity of the interview depends on the nature of the job function. As alluded to above, it is commonly the case that recruitment and selection is the responsibility of the HR department, although it is often the case that functional department heads are involved in the process to assess the technical competence and capability of the candidate. In any event the potential candidates should be assessed against the job description and person specification (as described above) and during the course of the interview it is sensible to take notes so that at a later stage the shortlisted candidates can be compared to one another (Chapman and Webster, 2003, p.117). For some more senior roles it may be the case that more than one interview is conducted with different members of the organisation. Kline (2013, p.25) acknowledges that although interviews are very popular, there can be concerns with unintended preference, a concept known as the golden halo effect. This occurs when the interviewers subconsciously prefer candidates who they considered would be a good cultural fit. This is why it is important to have complete transparency in the interview process. Psychometric testing and aptitude testing are also extremely popular techniques for assessing potential candidates during the selection process. Suff (2012, p.9) explains that aptitude testing is an assessment of the numerical, verbal, and general logical reasoning capability of an individual. Psychometric testing is more intensive and includes an assessment of personality traits. Psychometric testing is not an exact science, but over time a large body of empirical data has been gathered which helps to increase the reliability of such testing. Generally speaking psychometric tests are a useful indicator of underlying personality traits, and can be a good means of an organisation assessing whether an individual candidate would be a good fit for the business. Cushway (2014, p.26) explains that psychometric tests can be useful if an organisation is looking to recruit an individual with particular personality traits in order to help generate a cross functional team. In contrast, Suff (2012, p.10) suggests that psychometric testing is more valuable as a supporting indicator, along with other selection techniques such as interviews and assessment centres. Assessment centres are the most intensive form of employee selection. They typically comprise a number of small tests and presentations to simulate the likely working conditions and to assess how an individual performs under pressure and how they work in teams (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014, p.232). During the course of an assessment centre it is likely that the candidate will have to give a presentation, solve a problem with imperfect information (to simulate real-life), and also work in a team environment. Assessment centres are highly resource intensive but are considered to give the most accurate picture of how a candidate would be likely to perform if they were recruited to the organisation. The costs of running an assessment centre are high, so in the main they are reserved for more senior job functions, or for graduate recruitment schemes. They are also more commonly used by larger organisations that have the resources to maintain a talent management pipeline (McClean and Collins, 2011, p352). Stahl et al., (2012, p.35) believe that assessment centres can be somewhat artificial as all the candidates are aware that they are in competition for a defined number of job roles, and this may encourage them to distort their behaviour. Stahl et al., (2012, p.35) also believe that there is a greater risk of the golden halo effect during assessment centres as the assessors get to know candidates throughout the duration of the assessment centre. It is necessary to mention that references from previous employers or other respected individuals can play a small part in the recruitment and selection process. However, such is the nature of legislation relating to references, many organisations simply use them to verify that a candidate has been previously employed and that they do not have a tendency to high levels of sickness absence or any other obvious undesirable tendency, for example an extensive disciplinary record (Torrington et al., 2011, p.182). As references must be entirely factual, personal observations of the previous employers are generally not found in references in the UK. Some organisations may also wish for shortlisted candidates to undertake medical checks. This is likely to be more common in job functions where there is either a particular medical need for high levels of health and fitness because the job is particularly strenuous, or because the organisation has a long-term commitment to employee health and well-being. In either event organisations are only likely to take up references and ask for medical checks for candidates whom they believe they will offer the job post (Torrington et al., 2011, p.183). Once the organisation has decided who they will recruit, it is necessary to draw up a contract of employment, and to send a formal offer letter to the preferred candidate, setting out the terms and conditions of employment. Aylott (2014 p.112) observes that it is surprising how many organisations do not maintain good record-keeping in this regard, and it is imperative that if the candidate accepts the role they return a signed copy of the contract and terms and conditions. It is also good practice for an organisation to formally write to the unsuccessful candidates and briefly explain why they were not recruited for the post (CIPD, 2013, p.1). This helps to improve the overall candidate experience thus supporting the reputation of the organisation and wider marketplace. If job requirements change in the future, maintaining a good relationship with potential candidates makes it is much easier to offer them a job role in the future (Klotz et al, 2013, p.110). Finally, Aylott (2014, p.32) explains that under UK legislation, unsuccessful candidates may exercise the right to challenge why they were not recruited for the role. This is why it is important to maintain scrupulous records throughout the recruitment and selection process and demonstrate complete fairness and transparency. As it may be some time between acceptance of the job post and the candidate starting in the role, then this is a good opportunity for the organisation to prepare the new employees induction in advance. It is also best practice for an organisation to allow access to the employee handbook when recruiting an employee. A good induction is one where the new employees has the opportunity to meet their colleagues and receive basic training in aspects such as health and safety and organisational systems (Covert, 2011, p.9). This is entirely pragmatic as it is an opportunity for existing employees to meet their new colleague, and also to ensure that the new employee has a thorough grounding in the organisation so that they become rapidly embedded and are able to make a difference as soon as possible. This is often an issue for organisations as it can take time for new employees to become familiar with organisational culture. Therefore an induction is a good way of starting this process. Finally, the majority of new employees are likely to be operating under a probationary period in the first few months of employment. There are legal implications to this, meaning that it is important for an organisation to clearly set out their expectations for the new employee, and also to offer the employee as much help and support as possible in the early days of their employment (Cushway, 2014, p.34). It is in no partys interest for there to be a high turnover of staff. Not only because the recruitment and selection process is extremely costly and resource intensive, but also because it is also disruptive to an organisation and long-standing employees. Hence, it is preferable to invest the necessary level of resource, time and effort in recruiting the right employee in the first instance. Recommendations To summarise, the first steps in effective recruitment and selection are to establish the requirements of the job role, and also the preferred attributes of the individual who will eventually fulfil this role. It is important at this early stage to be as precise and as comprehensive as possible, and also to be aware of the need for transparency in the process. This is because the description and person specification not only form the foundation of the job advert, but also they become the benchmark against which potential candidates are assessed, and successful employees are measured (Guion, 2011, p.240). Although resource intensive, it is worthwhile to spend time and effort refining the job description and person specification. Once the shortlist of candidates has been prepared, either from internal or external sources, it is necessary to assess all potential candidates to determine their suitability for the role (Phillips and Gully, 2009, p.17). There are several alternative means of achieving this including interviews, testing and assessment centres. As elucidated above, there are advantages and disadvantages to all of these methods, and this is why it is often the case that more than one technique is used. It is important to reiterate the importance of transparency and fairness throughout the entire selection process. Having selected a suitable candidate the organisation should then formally write to the employee enclosing the employment contract and terms and conditions of employment (Aylott, 2014, p112). An organisation may also wish to take up references and ask the candidate to have a medical assessment. It is best practice to formally communicate non-selection to unsuccessful candidates, as this is not only helpful for maintaining organisational reputation, it may have future practical benefit. Throughout the entire process of recruitment and selection scrupulous record-keeping is strongly recommended. Once a candidate has accepted a position of employment, it is then good practice to offer an induction period. This helps the new employee to settle in, and helps to increase productivity and reduce employee turnover. Conclusions This essay has set out the current recommended best practice in respect of recruitment and selection. It has illustrated the complexity and resource intensive nature of the process, and also emphasised the importance of prior planning and preparation to ensure that the most suitable candidates are shortlisted for the role, and that they have the necessary skills and attributes. As has been discussed throughout the essay, there are a number of alternative methods for actually selecting a candidate for the job role, and the determination of which of these methods is used relies on the specifics of the job itself and also the long-term HR and human capital requirements of the organisation. In an ideal scenario, the recruitment and selection process is cross-functional in nature, involving both HR and department heads, and is also linked to the long-term strategic requirements of the business. Throughout the entire process it is imperative to maintain fairness and transparency, and to focus on recruiting the best possible candidate in order to reduce the possibility of subsequent employee turnover. References Armstrong, M., and Taylor, S., (2014) Armstrongs handbook of human resource management practice. (13th Ed) London: Kogan Page Publishers. Aylott, E., (2014) Employment law: HR fundamentals. London: Kogan page. Breaugh, J. A., (2013) Employee recruitment. Annual review of psychology, 64(4), 389-416. Chapman, D. S., and Webster, J., (2003) The use of technologies in the recruiting, screening, and selection processes for job candidates, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11(2/3), 113-120. CIPD (2013) Recruitment factsheet [online] available at http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/recruitment-overview.aspx retrieved 3rd Oct 2014. Covert, S. P., (2011) Creating a Web-Based Employee Orientation and Induction Program. School Business Affairs, 77(1), 8-10. Cushway, B., (2014) The employers handbook 2014-15: An essential guide to employment law, personnel policies and procedures. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Girard, A., and Fallery, B., (2009) E-recruitment: new practices, new issues. An exploratory study. In Boudarouk, T., and Ruel, H., (Ed.) Human resource information systems. London: Emerald Group Publishing. Guion, R. M., (2011) Assessment, measurement, and prediction for personnel decisions. London: Taylor and Francis. Hall, D., Pilbeam, S., and Corbridge, M., (2013) Contemporary themes in strategic people management: a case-based approach. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Kline, R., (2013) The bias that lives on: Discrimination in recruitment persists in the NHS, and it is long past time to tackle it, says Roger Kline. Nursing Standard, 27(41), 24-25. Klotz, A. C., Motta Veiga, S. P., Buckley, M. R., and Gavin, M. B., (2013) The role of trustworthiness in recruitment and selection: A review and guide for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(S1), 104-119. Lievens, F., and Sackett, P. R., (2012) The validity of interpersonal skills assessment via situational judgment tests for predicting academic success and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 460-468. McClean, E., and Collins, C. J., (2011) Highcommitment HR practices, employee effort, and firm performance: Investigating the effects of HR practices across employee groups within professional services firms. Human Resource Management, 50(3), 341-363. Phillips, S., and Gully, C., (2009) Strategic staffing New Jersey: Pearson Education. Rivera, L. A., (2012a) Hiring as cultural matching the case of elite professional service firms. American Sociological Review, 77(6), 999-1022. Rivera, L. A., (2012b) Diversity within Reach Recruitment versus Hiring in Elite Firms. The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science, 639(1), 71-90. Stahl, G., Bjrkman, I., Farndale, E., Morris, S. S., Paauwe, J., Stiles, P., and Wright, P., (2012) Six principles of effective global talent management. Sloan Management Review, 53(2), 25-42. Suff, R., (2012) Employers use of psychometric testing in selection: 2012 XpertHR survey. IRS Employment Review. (Sep), 9-10. Torrington, D., Hall, L., Taylor, S., and Atkinson, C., (2011) Human resource management. (8th Ed) London: FT/Prentice Hall. Wilton, N., (2013) An introduction to human resource management (2nd Ed) London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Social Commentary in Blood Brothers by Willy Russell Essay -- Blood Br

Social Commentary in Blood Brothers by Willy Russell The play, Blood Brothers by Willy Russell, is a twisted tale of two brothers born on the same day and from the same womb, yet they live in two entirely different worlds. In the scene with Russell Eddie and Mickey meeting for the first time. At first Mickey is suspicious of Eddie, (Mickey – â€Å"hello† suspiciously), but at that innocent age they talking and quickly bond. Eddie is well-mannered in all his ways – â€Å"ill look it up in the dictionary† and says â€Å"pardon†. This shows Eddie has a polite comportment in his speech– â€Å"ill looks it up in the dictionary† and says â€Å"pardon†. This shows Eddie is well educated and polite because of his wealth. However, Mickey isn’t and Eddie is innocent and because of his overprotective mother therefore doesn’t know much about reality and the world around him – Eddie says, â€Å"Pissed of. You say smashing things don’t you? And Mickey says, â€Å"Do you know the F word?† Eddie – â€Å"pardon, what does it mean?† Because the boys are young, they’re innocent and honest about everything. When they start sharing background information, they soon find out they are very similar and even share the same age, the same date of birth. They choose to become blood brothers which will mean a new stronger relationship. Mickey says,† this mean that we’re blood brothers† their affection is strong, because they bond so quickly. When Sammy enters the scene, it becomes tense as he makes fun of Eddie. Sammy _ â€Å"he’s a friggin poshy†, this means Sammy makes fun of his accent, he instantly recognizes he’s posh. Because Mickey is Eddie’s blood brother, he defends him as that was one of they’re vows they made when becoming blood brothers. Mickey and Eddie – â€Å"I al... ...u as well as everything’ else? Does she? Eddie does she?† Russell is trying to show that if you’re wealthy you aren’t going to be happy unless you have something to keep you going, he needs an achievable goal in life, Mrs Johnstone had her children, but Mickey only has his pills to keep him going. He has no hope of a job because of his criminal record, or his own home. He is terrified that Linda will leave him. In conclusion Russell is trying to portray that your situation depends entirely on the way you’re brought up. According to Russell it depends on nurture; the child that was given away got the better life, it wouldn’t have mattered which one was given away. As Eddie had the experience of a wealthy family he got the best opportunities in life. Mickey has to struggle with reality of being underprivileged, hence the unfairness of living in Britain.

Production Notes :: College Theatre Festival Papers

Production Notes Preface The slides and video that are found on this web site are recordings of a production of Measure for Measure mounted at the College of the Holy Cross in the fall of 1996. In February, 1997, the production was re-mounted at Brandeis University as part of the American College Theatre Festival. The following notes formed the conceptual basis for the production. First Response In the final months of the twentieth century, Measure provides us with a searing allegory about a society that is divided severely along economic and social lines. The ubiquitious moral rot of Shakespeare's play parallels our contemporary world. The political and social hypocricy of rulers who abuse power for personal gain while criticizing and punishing the lower classes comes right out of the evening news. Some issues of the play hit home harder today and in a radically different manner then they would have in Shakespeare's day. Ideas such as sexual harrassment and immorality connote wildly different things to a contemporary audience, particularly in light of recent current events. Talking Points I. Measure for Measure is a play about power--political, economic, and sexual power--and how these three interrelated phenomena intersect with catastrophic consequences when they are abused by an inadequate leader. But it is essential to note that the play is not against the use of power per se, because the entire crisis is instigated by the failure of a rightful ruler to exercise properly his responsibilities of office. Indeed, the entire arc of the play is about how this ruler--Duke Vincentio--learns about the nature of power and the necessity of its public demonstration. It can be argued that, in many respects, the play is a primer about effective leadership and must be viewed as a humanistic revision of Machievelli's The Prince. II. Political power must be exercised correctly and sexual desires must be pursued properly. Without sex there is no propagation of the species and without political restraint there is no maintenance of the social order. Political responsibility cannot be avoided and neither can the fundamental need of humans to fornicate. Without restraint, however, the pursuit of these intersecting fundamental drives will undermine the stability of society. Measure for Measure argues that political power must be exercised in a principled manner and sexual intercourse must occur under the sanction of marriage. III. A recurring theme in the plays of Shakespeare is the nature of effective leadership.

Australian Literature Essay

Good morning writers, students, and guests, welcome to the Youth Forum. Today I will be discussing the Australian identity in contemporary literature. The main question being asked today is â€Å"Does contemporary literature encourage young readers to look beyond Australian stereotypes?.† I will be discussing my point of view, which will be backed up with reasons based on evidence I have found in four different Australian contemporary literature texts. We’re in the 21st century, and right now there is such a huge variety of contemporary literature that encourages young adults to look beyond Australian stereotypes. In this speech I will discuss why I agree with contemporary literature encouraging young readers to look beyond Australian stereotypes. The reason I have chosen to agree with the statement is because of the proof of evidence I have found in the following texts: Tomorrow When the War Began by John Marsden, Looking for Alibandi by Melina Marchetta, The Drover’s Wife by Henry Lawson, and An Australian Short Story by Ryan O’Neill. Body The classic Australian stereotype is very narrow; a particular slang, wears cowboy hats, lives on big farms in the outback, etc. After reviewing the screenplay to looking for Alibandi, it shows a great example of the mixed cultures Australia has, and how we can adapt other cultures into our own traditions. It shows this by the Italian background in Josie’s family. The setting also brings in the city, and landmarks, backing up the claim that the whole of Australia is not an outback. The way she dresses isn’t in boots and cowboy hats but in a multi-cultural way that shows the generation she lives in, and represents her background. Tomorrow when the war began shows the underlay of the Australian stereotype. On the outside it has the average stereotype, but the personalities and emotions the characters bring, proves how much it goes beyond. The personality of an â€Å"average Australian† towards other countries is very â€Å"country aussie† but it’s more than that. The characters in this book show integrity, determination, and wellbeing. The book describes these main three characteristics, as well as many others, which gives readers the chance to understand a more realistic interpretation. Tomorrow when the war began also describes the political view of war and represents the power of a non-democratic country. Henry Lawson’s The Drovers Wife purposely took the ordinary Australians as the subject theme. He used a bush setting, and had a more realistic Australian style. But it isn’t the story itself that is indulging; the melodramatic dialogue that pushes past the Australian stereotype. It’s not the story its self, it’s the hidden meaning in the text. The Drover’s Wife both challenges and reinforces the Australian stereotype. This short story is simple. There isn’t any grand scenes or intense rhetorical indifferences. The message that this story brings is the endless bravery, hardships and perseverance that these women have. This story brings a whole new vision of Australian woman, going beyond the Australian stereotype, and brings a whole new meaning to elegance and courage. An Australian Short Story, written by Ryan O’Neill, is such an in-depth piece of literature. The story’s artistic format brings a new meaning to Australian literature, and the typical stereotype. Ryan O’Neill took a chance on this story, because he isn’t an Australian. But after living in Australia for many years, he took the time to really notice things. And with that, he chose to write what he saw and felt. And that was beyond the Australian stereotype. He chose to write in a way they almost spoke out; that everyone is human, and no matter where we come from, the details we see up close, bring a whole new perspective then the ones we see far away. Conclusion I would like to end as I begun, with the statement that Australian contemporary literature does encourage young readers to look beyond Australian stereotypes. I’ve proven this by the evidence I have found in four different texts. I think there is great promise in Australian literature because it’s always evolving, new generations of writers, with new idea that will continue to shape and change the perspective of Australians. Australian literature is written artistically, not commercially and uses inescapable words and languages to embrace the implausible delight. This is provided by virtually all literature is given a boarder understanding of people so it automatically is giving the chance for readers to look beyond stereotypes. Every character in stories are individuals, and its only the author who choses weather or not they are going to push the boundaries of the average stereotype. The only way for them not to go beyond is weather they are making a statement about the stereotype or just in face that they are poor authors.  So read up, and fill your minds with inexplicable wonder of Australian minds, and learn to understand the meaning of the way they live and the passions they desire.

Airline Safety – Essay

Name: Katelyn Meyers Assignment #4 – Airline Safety Since 9/11, airline security has been a major focus of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the US Government. Based on what you’ve read and learned in Chapter 5, discuss the following topics: * Part 1 – â€Å"Is it safe to fly? (You must show statistics and data to support your answer. Consider comparing it to other forms of transportation) * Part 2 – What security measures have been implemented since 9/11 and in your opinion, are the â€Å"extreme† security checks at our airports necessary? Discuss the safety precautions taken and find research and statistics to prove your point. Part 1 – Is it safe to fly? Yes, it is safe to fly. A US National Safety Council study showed flying to be 22 times safer than travelling by car. More than 3 million people fly every day. Chart below shows the number of fatalities in other transportation methods to travel. US Transportation Fatalities 20 00 – Source: NTSB Part 2 – What security measures have been implemented since 9/11 and in your opinion, are the â€Å"extreme† security checks at our airports necessary? In my option security has increased for the better good since 9/11. For example, airlines instructed passengers to arrive at airports as much as two hours before takeoff for domestic fights. After passing through security checkpoints, passengers were randomly selected for additional screening, including hand-searching of their carry-on bags, in the boarding area. The TSA has arrayed ’20 Layers of Security’ to ‘strengthen security through a layered approach’—see Figure 1. This is designed to provide defense-in-depth protection of the traveling public and of the United States transportation system. Of these 20 layers, 14 are ‘pre-boarding security’ (i. e. , deterrence and apprehension of terrorists prior to boarding aircraft): 1. Intelligence 2. Customs and border protection 3. Joint terrorism task force 4. No-fly list and passenger pre-screening 5. Crew vetting 6. Visible Intermodal Protection Response (VIPR) Teams 7. Canines 8. Behavioral detection officers 9. Travel document checker 10. Checkpoint/transportation security officers 11. Checked baggage 12. Transportation security inspectors 13. Random employee screening 14. Bomb appraisal officers The remaining six layers of security provide ‘in-flight security’: 15. Federal Air Marshal Service 16. Federal Flight Deck Officers 17. Trained flight crew 18. Law enforcement officers 19. Hardened cockpit door 20. Passengers Athol Yates, Executive Director of the Australian Homeland Security Research Centre says that air marshals are of ‘questionable’ security value, and that â€Å"hardening the cockpit doors and changing the protocols for hijacking has made it harder for terrorists to get weapons on board an aircraft and take control of it† (Maley 2008).

Lush Company Background

Lush is a cosmetics company that produces and sells a variety of handmade bath products and toiletries, including facemasks, soaps, bath bombs, bubble bars, hand & body lotions and hair treatments. In 1994, Mark Constantine and six co- founders including his wife Mo Constantine opened the first Lush store in Poole, UK. The natural bath and toiletries product firm is a UK-based manufacturer and retailer of environmentally friendly natural cosmetics and fragrances Company History Lush Cosmetics Company is mostly known and recognized by the public for its use of all natural ingredients and hand made products. Lush product ingredients are mostly natural, nothing is tested on animals and packaging is avoided where possible. What sets Lush apart from competitors is the unique way products are manufactured. They hand-make the products in a factory in small batches based on orders from individual stores in order to keep their products fresh. In order to stay in touch with their fresh standard, Lush does not sell any product in their store that's older than 4 months and most products have a total shelf life of approximately 14 months. As of 2011 Lush now has nearly 600 stores in 43 countries, with 27 different Web platforms and seven manufacturing plants. Including 80 in Britain, Japan, North America and Australia. 60 of those stores are in North America. Lush North America has plans to open 52 new company-owned shops this?year and 35 a year thereafter, with roughly a quarter located in Canada. Although many of the units to date have been freestanding boutiques, the stores in malls have been phenomenally successful, compelling them to consider almost 170 new mall locations. Lush is privately owned though there are a small number of shares available but only by invitation. The growth of the company is based mainly upon partnerships and franchise holders.

Hugo Boss Case Study

Options 4/3/2012 Option: you have the choice to buy something for a certain price but if the price is less than that price forget about the contract. The most you ever pay is the contract price. You have the possibility of doing better. Nothing to lose only gain since you locked in a certain price; seller of contract can only do worse. The person whom makes the contract charges a price to enter into the contract, the seller keeps this contract. This price is called the premium, options start life with a value, it is an impure derivative.The underlying is instrument is what the contract is about person whom buys the contract Is known as the option buyer/investor, seller is known as the option writer/issuer, what you pay if you exercise the contract is known as the strike price or exercise price. Options have expiration days after that we can not use them anymore, another parameter is the type of option that it is Six parameters: Underwriting asset, parties involved, strike price/exerc ise price, expiration date, type of option.The premium fluctuates with demand, the contract could be sold Underlying: SBUX 1,000 Strike Price: 60 a share 1 Month: Type: Call Premium: 8 If you do not exercise the option it is allowed to expire Options come in types, Styles, and classes Put option right to sell at a certain price Put option: Underlying: sbx, 1000 shares, spot price 55 Strike price: 50 Time: 1 Month Premium: in a put option you pay for the buy to sellOptions come in three styles: European Style: You can exercise on a certain date, only at expiration American Style: You can exercise at any time, makes premium from an American option more but not by much only worth a lot more when dividends high dividends and low interest rates are present Bermuda Options: specific dates when you can exercise them Pay off diagram 50 55 60 (exercise price) Starbucks pricePayoff 300 400 500 60 0 7010 8020 10040

Corporation Governance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporation Governance - Coursework Example Duty only applies to directors not ‘officers’ as with other duties. Under {s 588V Corporations Act} Holding Companies also have a duty to prevent their subsidiaries from trading whilst insolvent’ Firstly under {s 588G(1)(a) Corporations Act}, â€Å"the duty is only imposed on directors and NOT officers. However, the definition of ‘directors’ will include shadow and de facto directors. Recall de facto director acts as a director even if they are not validly appointed and shadow director is able to have influence over the board† (Melbourne University Law Students Society Tribunal Service, â€Å"Corporations Law†). Firstly it should be illustrated that only willingly incurred debts for specific amount can bear a charge of insolvent trading {Standard Charter Bank per Hodgson J}, â€Å"a company incurs a debt when by its choice it does or omits something which, as a matter of substance and commercial reality, renders it liable for a debt for which it otherwise would not have been liable† (Cassidy, â€Å"Concise Corporations Law†) The defense which Jack can have is that he needs to show the reasonable grounds for his expectations of insolvency at the time the debts were taken. Again he needs to show that he relied on the information provided by others in the management which led to insolvency. Otherwise, he has to validate certain credible reasons for his absence. Smith and Jones can register under Limited Liability Corporations (LLC). This type of corporations is much in demand nowadays. They are the combination of partnership firm and a corporation. The tax effects are mostly based on that of the partnership firm but other entities is that it shares of the corporations. It is formed by members and not shareholders. Advantages of a Limited Liability Company can be that LLCs offer personal liability guard for members. The legal procedures to be followed are very simple and lucid. The members can come to agreement on their own terms,

Comparisong between the Bell-LaPadula model and the Biba model Essay

Comparisong between the Bell-LaPadula model and the Biba model - Essay Example The Biba model does not reflect â€Å"write-up† or â€Å"write-down†, however, if a highly confidential or top secret information access is granted, the privileged user cannot read highly confidential information and cannot write to any authorized level other than the assigned authorized level. This restriction prevents the integrity of highly confidential information from low important information to be intermixed. Another explanation of the Biba model would incorporate integrity as its main focus i.e. gauging integrity in a scenario where a highly sensitive data placed in a way that it intermixes with low sensitive data by retrieving the data from a low level application or program, the integrity of that information can be demoted. For example, if an employee in an organization is utilizing an insecure application or program to view highly sensitive or top secret information, the application may corrupt that information or make temporary files that can be viewed by so meone else later. A scenario is selected incorporating Clark Wilson deployment in the UNIX operating system environment. Phantoms users are used in this scenario, as they resemble to locked accounts and their identity cannot be visible to users (Bishop 2003). In a selected scenario where, a triple user is donated by ‘TP’ and every TP is configured to be an owner of the phantom user (Bishop 2003). We will allocate the phantom user in groups that preserves every CDI allocated in the CDI sets. Now we will allocate all users ‘execute’ rights for executing TP located on the CDI’s allocated on the CDI set that is available in the ‘group owner’ of that specific TP. One of the examples of this scenario incorporates access to each specific CDI is limited to users only i.e. in the triple, TP is assumed to be any one of the TP

Austin Farrer Faith and Speculation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Austin Farrer Faith and Speculation - Essay Example When goes through Farrer’s article, Grace and Freewill, one can understand that elements of speculation and faith are the leading traits which exert a predominant role in one’s life. Analysis of his article leads the readers to the fact that man strongly believes that one can attain self realization only through bridging a good relation with God and following His ways. Analyzing the article a reader can find the fact that Austine Farrer has exposed his ideas with a specific touch of speculation and Faith. Author comments that religion forces the people to believe that the existing nature has a divine structure and all its parts follow a positive end and the man is bounded with his devotion towards God. It is also a thought provoking concept that man believes the positive rapport between God and he permits him to go on being himself .Here a researcher can easily understand the signs of a conscious effort from the part of the author to establish the idea of ‘faith’. Human psyche never finds a rebuff on God’s faithfulness if a material perception proves all appearances are vein. Whatever the result, pain or frustration, man keeps on a constant friendship with god and follows the principles of the religion. The author indirectly persuades the reader to follow the principles of a believer. There are a number of agencies that link on es relation with his creator. But it should be noted that the agencies do not strike us in the springing point of causes but in the finished effects. The effect is more or less based on a divine cause and it is related to a religious mind. In our engagement with god we are solely concerned with his purposes and actions and for the operation we provide ourselves completely that is we commit ourselves entirely to it. It is done with the divine assistance and for which trust in god is obligatory. When we actaccording to god’s will we are